Political economy of crisis resolution in the global world
China car sales are bigger than in US. Capital flows from emerging to developed economies (call it a Lucas puzzle if you like). Former global leaders UK and USA nationalized their financial sectors and run 10 percent fiscal deficits, enjoying AAA ratings. I know that rating agencies missed the Asian crisis in 1997, they cheated investors on CDO ratings, but it is nothing comparing to their assessment of US or UK sovereign risk, you can call it any letter, but not triple A, just think of US government planning to issue 2 billion dollars worth of debt, and that is not taking into account president Obama printing press. Super-class (following David Rothkopf analysis) that ones ruled the world is gone, Russian oligarhs became micro- and then nano-garhs. Interest rates became meaningless, including USD and EUR LIBOR, the most important interest rate in the world. Nothing seems working, economic theory is of little help, and experience earned in the past 20 years it of even less help. Forget great moderation, this is not even the Greenspan’s age of turbulence. It is a great moment of reckoning it is also a Minsky moment. Anything can happen these days, even IMF is recommending high fiscal deficits to fend off recession. Remember the phrase called “Washington consensus”, a set of politically correct rules, ten commandments of US led economics religion. These gods are gone now. Godless world. Pain. Suffering.
One (once) investment bank has started sending this quote from Marx with every email referring to US government treasury market. Indeed.
“Owners of capital will stimulate working class to buy more and more of expensive goods, houses and technology, pushing them to take more and more expensive credits, until their debt becomes unbearable. The unpaid debt will lead to bankruptcy of banks, which will have to be nationalized, and State will have to take the road which will eventually lead to communism.” Karl Marx, 1867
It is time that calls for great minds. 1920s and 30s had Keynes, now we have, I don’t know, Krugman, Rodrik, Sachs after reincarnation. Current mess will produce great new minds in economics, maybe Chinese rather than American, that will eventually write new General Theory of Common Sense, Prudent Finance and Faith.
Today economic discussion reminds me of the old days of Washington consensus as a dominant mantra, herds of economists recommend synchronized fiscal deficit as a remedy to avoid global recession. When countries do otherwise, i.e. run prudent fiscal policy, they are attacked by major financial newspapers, they are incorrect. Everybody has to be imprudent and synchronized. If you treat Earth as a closed economy this makes sense, as there is no imports from Mars or Venus to weaken the synchronized fiscal multiplier. Who cares that huge rotten banks’ balance sheets gets transformed into huge, even more rotten fiscal liabilities. We have tripple A rating so we will worry about it later. Well, think what happened to triple-A CDO tranches and then think about sovereign risk again.
Here is my epsilon-contribution to the new global political economy. My theory predicts collapse of trade and long-lasting recession as a result of perfectly rational choices of governments trying to stop recession. Here it goes. When the Earth is undergoing synchronized fiscal easing under globalization (free trade and free capital flows) a country that opts out is made better off. If is a free-rider, its exporters benefit from fiscal spending in other countries and when the recession is over it emerges as a winner with lowest debt level. This is early German or present Polish strategy. Germany because of history and tradition and Poland because it cannot afford large fiscal deficit amid risk of loosing credibility (think of Hungary or Baltic states). These free-riding countries should make a huge noise about benefits of globalization and resist slightest protectionist measures, so that their exporters can benefit from loose fiscal policy abroad.
What about countries running large fiscal deficits, think of USA or UK. It is perfectly rational that they do not allow others to become free riders and resort to protectionism (do not allow for domestic capital outflows, restrict imports) which increases fiscal policy multipliers. Buy American, British jobs for British workers, as we saw in the last few days. What is the equilibrium? Protectionism, reverse globalization, prolonged global recession. You do not need a beautiful mind to see it coming.
What can we do to stop it, to reverse a perfectly rational path into long and painful recession at the start of the 21st century. Coalition of the willing? Irrational governments? Read more Marx? I do not know, ask Paul Krugman.

13 responses to "Political economy of crisis resolution in the global world"
Well, the world today is unpredictible which should not prevent us from trying to make predictions and forecasts. Why ask Krugman – I would rather ask Rybiński. What, on earth, can we expect in the near future and what immediate measures should be taken to effectively cope with the situation? Please, reveal your estimates and show a bit more optimism, if possible. OK?
Best regards.
Jean
you probably meant $2 trillion not $2 billion UST issuance… ($2 billion is peanuts these days…)
Criticism of fiscal discipline (under “beggar-thy-neighbour” label) has been preeminent feature in recent mainstream commentaries (e.g. Martin Wolf/Willem Buiter vs Peer Steinbrueck debate). You are going one step further in your analysis of policy choices and one has to agree that post crisis the winners will be those who resist the temptation of fiscal relaxation (providing there’s only small fraction of them…otherwise we might be in for a longer term depression)
A game is a contest in which each player makes a move and receives a payoff that depends on this move as well as the moves of the other players. The question is how does a player know what move to make without knowing what moves his opponents will make? Well you have to have beautiful mind To be more specifically, a Nash equilibrium is an assignment of moves to each player such that if each player thought the others would follow their assignments, then he would want to follow his. In game theory the question also arises: who announces this assignment? If the players are all perfectly logical, and are aware of all their characteristics, they should deduce the assignment.
So if everybody is rational and they know that protectionism will lead to prolonged recession they will chose alternative strategies. So either the agents are irrational or long term recession is not an equilibrium solution. So ether your assumption is wrong or the solution is not stable
IMF does not recommend insensible fiscal stimulus. They advocate coordinated global action stimulus
And finally we have a classic sudden stop in Eastern Europe. Its not a speculative attack as local Celebrity Economists suggest (here i.e. http://www.pb.pl/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=3d7a0425-04e7-4bb6-bb88-35354dc28f52&open=sec) . And my question is who will support us when IMF faces lack of funds and SFW burned their fingers with toxic stuff
Thanks, 2 trillion of course. If all people free ride then thee is no ride at all.
Piotr, great comment. However this is a different game. Politicians decide on Buy American without anticipating that I will mean can’t Sell American. Let me call it a bounded rationality.
On sudden stop, IIF has estomated that net flows to EMs will drop from 950bn in 2007 to 150bn in 2009, so yes you can call it a sudden stop, although it is not going into reverse, as it did in Russia or Argentina. And the market is very shallow indeed.
I’m not trying waterboard you but equilibrium is assured by assuming full agent rationality if you withdraw this assumption then existence of equilibrium is not certain. So to be more specific you should not stop with your prediction with prolonged recession but you should go further as this is not equilibrium but non-equilibrium process. Where this process could lead us? One of the possibilities is war doom and gloom scenario. To be well understood I’m not saying that your prediction is wrong, it is likely somehow but again it is about the assumptions and the result of the thinking process
Regarding sudden stop in Easter Europe I think that scenario of negative capital inflow is possible now. I know this is not highly scientific argument but watch Italian finance minister reaction to the question of possible support of Unicredit by government (link here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=IT&hl=it&v=i-LigK56hL0)
It is well known that Austrian ,Italian and German financial institutions are heavily exposed to Eastern Europe (somehow inaccurate/underestimated exposure calculations you will find here http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=22569.0).
Now the question is why those institutions should act differently in Eastern Europe now than in 90’s US financial institutions (among others) in Asia or in South America in 80’s. The final question is whether this time Fire Sale –FDI would work and if yes where from and when the FDI will start to flow.
1.PC – good call on money unwiding into net outflows.I see nobody has such a prediction in 08.
If so, EM currency should be weaker for longer.
2.KR – Fiscal stimuli have intrinsic “value” called protect our taxpayer money. And of course produce less reach jobs. So maybe yes the final outcome could be worse than just “free trade” (my recommended reading here is:Joseph Stiglitz. Making globalization work.
But I rather second for a stimulus adopted with good timing, i.e. just before inlection point.
3.Next to Marx I would put Laborem exercens on the shelf. http://www.mbkm.pl/kome_do_encyklik.htm
4.http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=22511.0
Very good paper on all recessions in 1960-2008
To be hones with you I do not understand what you say at all. First of all, we should be concerned about the fact that the global economy is de-leveraging in unbelievable pace. Colloquially, money evaporates (take a quick look at credit market a year ago and now). We should not go back mentally to the early 30s’. The economics has evolved during last 70 years, but still, more or less, you want to come back to Keynesian model. Cure is simple. Let the money flow, and the rest will work. Credit is fundamental for economy. I do not mean printing money or cutting interest rates or even interbank guarantees. Restoring confidence, trust and integrity is essential during crisis. I distinguish four pillars of the modern economy: 1) buy side -customers 2) sell-side -suppliers 3) sources of financing 4) sources of regulation. Explanation: 1) Both consumers and producers. I will not start buying things, therefore entrepreneur will not start selling things unless the outlook for future improves. How to do it? Let the money flow. Excise, stamp duty, customs duty and other kinds of taxes should be lifted. If I want to buy laptop in India, China, US or elsewhere I should pay price of it + cost of fright + and a simple VAT noting else. Reduction of trade barriers. Labor tax reductions. 2) sell side – services, products, technology etc. Bottlenecks(increase in receivables to current liabilities ratio), overdue payments. Not to mention recent huge volatility, that is killing almost every business. You would not sell any thing to any one if the price changes 15 times a day. Few days ago I wanted to buy car for 7000EUR. About a week earlier I applied for a credit in local bank. EURPLN was about 4,10, so I applied for PLN28,7K. Finally the day has come, in the morning exchange rate was 4,48, so my car would cost me PLN31,3K, just few hours later it was PLN 31,9K. Next day EURPLN jumped to 4,70 so I gave up. My car was too expensive PLN32,9K(+10%). What to do with sell side? Let the money flow. In both directions. Why is EMEA underperforming? Because nobody believes they can stay afloat? I say no. EMEA is becoming cheap, as it should be! No wonder Chinese or Brasilian stocks have risen more that 60% in last couple of months. When the basic ratios are ok you may start buying. Just wait for the signal and Polish debt and stock will be performing as well as Chinese. Just make it happen. Give them a reason to buy cheap assets, before it will be to late. What kind of reason? Liquidation of KURS, change of the minister of finance for someone experienced, change the NBP governor 3) Financing – increase in Non-performing loans, toxic debt and so on. There are over 19M houses for sale in US. Why are there so many houses for sale? Because Americans have no cash to pay off the debt. What to do? Let the money flow. Instead of bailing out banks, governments should grant credits for common people. WHAT!? Yes, governments should do what banks aren’t able to do. EX. Polish PKO BP could be only an intermediate in this process. Government as a credit institution, it may be stupid as it sounds, but the government should take all the credit risk and should start granting credit to people. If banks would hear such a threat, they would consider to restore credit action. 4) sources of regulation not deregulation! Govm’t should be more concerned about financial markets.
oh, one more thing. Have you ever wondered why is microeconomics becoming more and more flow oriented->future (valuation->DCF; project finance->NPV, IRR ect.) whereas macroeconomics focuses on past data? It’s like running a company only having balance sheet. Nobody actualy thinks about increasing country NPV. One reason we should think like that is that there are at least 10 multinational companies (MNC)employing as much people as Island is. So what’s the difference between a country and a MNC?
From Laborem exercens? not from Willem Buiter…..
“Truth-telling and trust became increasingly scarce commodities in politics and in business life. The choice between telling the truth (the whole truth and nothing but the truth) and telling a deliberate lie or half-truth became a tactical option. Combined with increasing myopia, this meant that even reputational considerations no longer acted as a constraint on deliberate deception and the use of lies as a policy instrument.
http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/02/fiscal-expansions-in-submerging-markets-the-case-of-the-usa-and-the-uk/
As part of this widespread erosion of social capital, both citizens and markets lost faith in the ability of governments to commit themselves to any future course of action that was not validated, at each future point in time, as the most opportunistic course of action at that future point in time – what macroeconomists call time-consistent policies and game theorists call ’subgame-perfect’ strategies”
That Marx quote is a HOAX. It has been repeatedly debunked on the web. Marx never said anything close to that in Capital, or anywhere else. Tip off – there was no such thing as consumer “technology” in 1867. The scenario imagined in this quote has nothing to do with Marx’s thoughts on the transition from capitalism to socialism, it is a fabricated quote designed to scare people.
you have not yet replied if the quote from Marx is a hoax. kindly mention the source from where this quote has been taken.
I found this quote in a number of research reports sent by HSBC, I have not verified its accuracy in the orginal Marx works.
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